跟我看:变量——程序的记忆
变量 是带标签的盒子,程序在里面存值:
let clickCount = 0; // number
let name = "Jake"; // string (text)
let isWeekend = true; // true/false
let创建可以改变的变量。const(你之前见过)创建永远不会变的变量。
变量可以做数学、可以改:
clickCount = clickCount + 1; // increase by 1
clickCount++; // same thing, shorter
跟我看:点击计数器
把变量和上一课的按钮结合起来:
<button id="counter">Clicked: 0×</button>
const counter = document.getElementById("counter");
let count = 0;
counter.addEventListener("click", () => {
count++;
counter.textContent = "Clicked: " + count + "×";
});
页面第一次 记住了东西。每次点击增加盒子里的数字并显示。
跟我看:条件——做决定
条件 说:“如果这是真的,做 A。否则,做 B。”
if (count >= 10) {
counter.textContent = "Ten clicks! You've got some serious stamina 🏆";
} else {
counter.textContent = "Clicked: " + count + "×";
}
if (condition) { ... }——“如果这是真的……”else { ... }——”……否则”- 比较:
>大于,<小于,>=大于等于,===等于,!==不等于。
轮到你了 💪
做一个带惊喜的计数器:点击到一定次数后,发生额外的事。
🏫 学校网站——投票选最好吃的食堂菜
<h2>Vote for pizza day!</h2>
<button id="vote">Vote 🍕 (0 votes)</button>
<p id="result"></p>
const vote = document.getElementById("vote");
const result = document.getElementById("result");
let votes = 0;
vote.addEventListener("click", () => {
votes++;
vote.textContent = "Vote 🍕 (" + votes + " votes)";
if (votes >= 5) {
result.textContent = "Decided! Pizza day wins the election. 🏆";
}
});
🙋 个人网站——颠球计数器
<h2>How many times can I juggle the ball?</h2>
<button id="kick">Kick! (0)</button>
<p id="record"></p>
const kick = document.getElementById("kick");
const record = document.getElementById("record");
let kicks = 0;
kick.addEventListener("click", () => {
kicks++;
kick.textContent = "Kick! (" + kicks + ")";
if (kicks === 20) {
record.textContent = "20 kicks – new personal record! 🎉";
}
});
🌍 旅行日记——去过的国家计数
<h2>Country counter</h2>
<button id="country">Add a country (0)</button>
<p id="rating"></p>
const country = document.getElementById("country");
const rating = document.getElementById("rating");
let countryCount = 0;
country.addEventListener("click", () => {
countryCount++;
country.textContent = "Add a country (" + countryCount + ")";
if (countryCount >= 10) {
rating.textContent = "Ten countries – you're a globetrotter! 🌍";
} else if (countryCount >= 5) {
rating.textContent = "Five countries – beginner traveler. 🎒";
}
});
注意 else if——这样可以把多个条件串起来。
⚽ 俱乐部网站——射门记分
<h2>Shooting practice</h2>
<button id="goal">GOAL! ⚽</button>
<p id="score">Score: 0</p>
const goal = document.getElementById("goal");
const score = document.getElementById("score");
let goals = 0;
goal.addEventListener("click", () => {
goals++;
if (goals >= 10) {
score.textContent = "Score: " + goals + " – hat trick and more! Player of the match 🏆";
} else {
score.textContent = "Score: " + goals;
}
});
💡
你刚刚学了真正的编程。 变量和条件不只是”网页东西”——在 Python、游戏和应用里完全一样。会变量和条件的人,能和世界上任何编程语言对话。
✅
检查一下: 计数器在数,到上限后会有额外效果。试着大声逐行解释代码在做什么——能做到,基础就掌握了。
这堂课你要记住
- 变量是存值的盒子:
let(可改),const(不可改)。count++加 1。 - 条件
if / else if / else是程序做决定的方式。 - 比较用
>、<、>=、===、!==。
© 2026 Ing. Martin Polak / AlgoRhino · 内容使用条款